The Eye in its Relation to Health
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By Chalmer Prentice, M.D.
Chicago, A.C. McClurg & Company, 1895
Transcription (c) A. Wik, 2004

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        | Glossary |  pages 209-210
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								209

ABNORMAL INNERVATION:  An excess or insufficient supply
    of nerve-impulse.
AFFERENT NERVE-IMPULSE:  An impulse conveyed from
    without to the nerve-centers.
BRAIN-LEAK:  A waste of nerve-force.
DEGREE:  An angle equivalent to 1/360 part of a circle.
    The prism degree mentioned in this book is equivalent
    to about a half degree in trigonometry.
DIFFERENTIAL TEST:  A test for determining the ability
    of the eyes to fuse in opposition to prisms in different
    positions.  For instance, base down before one eye and
    then the other, or up before one eye and then the other,
    noting the difference in the prism-power that can be
    fused for in these varying positions.
DIFFUSION TESTS:  Tests that create double vision, either
    by the use of means calculated to lessen the natural
    stimuli of the eyes or by the use of prisms.
DYNAMIC CENTERS:  Centers in the nervous system where
    nerve-force is generated and sent forth for the perform-
    ance of functions.
EFFERENT NERVE-IMPULSE:  An Impulse that is con-
    veyed from the nerve-centers outward.
FOGGING:  Dimming the vision and stimulating the ciliary
    muscle to relax its tonic spasm, by the application to
    the eye of a convex glass.
HETEROPHORIA:  Different tending of the optic axes or
    lines of sight.
ESOPHORIA:  Inward tending of the lines of sight.
EXOPHORIA:  Outward tending of the lines of sight.
HYPERPHORIA:  Upward tending of the lines of sight.
CATAPHORIA }
HYPOPHORIA }: Downward tending of the lines of sight.

								210

HORIZONTALIZE:  To fix the eyes so that the lines of sight
    will fall in a horizontal plane.
INNERVATION:  The act of furnishing nerve-force.
LATENT EYE-STRAIN:  Eye-muscle defects that are hidden
    and not discoverable by diffusion tests.
MANIFEST EYE-STRAIN:  Eye-muscle defects which are
    at once discovered by diffusion tests.
METASTASIS:  The change of a disease from one part of
    the body to another.
MOTIVE-FORCE:  Nerve-impulse or nerve-force, which is
    the dynamic force in the performance of function.
MYDRIATIC:  A drug that dilates the pupil and relaxes
    the ciliary muscle of the eye.
NEURASTHENIA:  An insufficient supply of nerve-force.
NEUROSTHENIA:  An irritant or excessive supply of nerve-
    force.
ORTHOPHORIA:  Regular or correct tending of the optic
    axes or lines of sight.
PARANOIA:  Insanity in which the acts are systematized.
POLARITY:  The quality by which a body exhibits the
    power to attract and repel.
REPRESSION:  The abatement of an excessive nerve-
    impulse, accomplished by reversing a strain.
REVERSE MANIFEST EYE-STRAIN:  A strain that turns
    an eye in the direction opposite to the muscle that is too
    short.
TRAUMATIC:  Pertaining to injuries or wounds.
VERTICALIZE:  To fix the eyes so that the lines of sight
    will fall in a vertical plane.
ZYMOTIC:  Pertaining to the deleterious effects of mi-
    crobes, as in producing disease.





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        | End of Glossary |  pages 209-210
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